HYDRAULIC

The word hydraulics comes from the Greek word ὑδϱαυλικός (hydraulikos). This word also comes from the root words water (ὕδωϱ) and pipe (αὐλός).

Hydraulics is a branch of engineering that studies the mechanical properties of liquids. It is concerned with the useful discipline of fluid power. Fluid mechanics provides theoretical foundations for the engineering use of fluid properties for hydraulics. In short, hydraulics is the application of fluid mechanics to daily life by considering it with an engineering approach.

History of Hydraulics

The earliest hydraulic scientists are Ctesibius and Heron of Alexandria. These ancient engineers were more interested in the practical uses of hydraulics in religious ceremonies, ceremonies, etc. The founder of modern hydraulics is Benedetto Castelli, a student of Galileo Galilei.

Hydraulic Application Areas

The applications of hydraulic science in industry are called power hydraulics or industrial hydraulics. This temperature, which is in the field of interest of mechanical engineering, is used in almost every branch of the industry where power and force are needed. Systems prepared to produce linear, circular and angular motion with hydraulic energy are called hydraulic systems.

Systems in which pressurized air is used as a hydraulic fluid are called pneumatic systems. Hydraulic is preferred in places where large forces are desired and power is at the forefront, while pneumatic is preferred in places where small forces are competent and speed is at the forefront.

Water is not preferred in hydraulic circuits except in very rare cases due to its corrosiveness. Petroleum-derived oils (hydraulic fluids) are used as fluids in power hydraulics. The most important feature expected from these oils is that they are incompressible and protect the system elements from corrosion.

Water hydraulics

Water hydraulics is in the field of interest of civil engineers and the fields of interest of hydraulics and water resources engineering, which are sub-branches of civil engineering, are water structures, transportation and purification of water. Dams, water channels, water treatment plants, ports, coastal structures, drinking water, sewage works, groundwater, pumping and irrigation processes, stream erosions, drainage works are the main areas of interest of hydraulic engineering.

Hydraulic systems are systems where incompressible fluids are used and various movements and forces are produced with the help of the obtained pressurized fluid. Since fluids are incompressible, magical powers can be obtained with hydraulic systems. Since air and gases can be compressed, they are not used to produce large forces.

In hydraulic circuits, water or oil is generally used as a fluid. Since it only rusts on metal surfaces, the area of use of water is very limited. For this reason, mineral oils are generally used as fluids in hydraulic systems.

Throughout history, people have benefited from hydraulic energy in various ways. Since the early ages, people have benefited from rivers by using methods that would facilitate tasks such as operating mills, carrying loads, etc. In later times, the principles put forward by Pascal, Bernoulli, Archimedes and Torricelli were utilized, and various hydraulic presses and hydraulic jacks were made. Later, fresh ideas were put forward to produce circular and linear movements and today's systems were developed.

Areas of Use

Today, the areas of use of hydraulic systems are examined in two separate groups as fixed systems and mobile systems.

Stationary systems are systems mounted on a block that does not move and does not change place. The advantage of hydraulic solutions over mechanical systems has caused many production benches such as injection machines, CNC machines, lathes, grinding machines, milling machines, reciprocating saws, presses used in the manufacturing industry to prefer hydraulic systems.

Mobile systems are mostly systems located on vehicles. These systems are widely used in agricultural machines, especially construction machines, holding and loading devices of shovels, dumpers of trucks, lifting and conveying machines.

When we consider how much hydraulic steering makes it easier to drive a car or how quickly a soil digging process that would take days with human power is done with a shovel, it better explains the importance of hydraulics, which has a wide range of applications.

Advantages of hydraulic systems compared to other systems:

Hydraulic systems operate silently. Since hydraulic fluids are considered incompressible, impact and vibration-free movement is achieved. It has high operating pressures, thus magical powers are obtained. Sensitive speed adjustment can be made. Speed adjustment can be made while the movement is continuing. Since hydraulic oils are used as fluids, the period elements are also lubricated. Safety valves and